泰國針對強迫勞動產品進口的新管制措施Thailand's New Forced Labor Import Controls

對於在泰國營運的企業而言，一項關鍵的法規轉變正在進行。在一項近期根據《1974年貿易法》第301條款進行的美國調查，該調查因執法漏洞而提議對泰國出口商品加徵 12.5% 的關稅。之後，泰國內閣已於 2026 年 6 月 23 日正式批准成立「進口商品涉強迫勞動或勞務標準認定委員會」。此外，該委員會將根據《佛曆 2522 年(1979 年)商品進出口法》，透過發布公告來制定實施細則，為執行新的進口管制措施提供法律框架。

除了政策制定之外，該委員會預計將監督泰國針對與強迫勞動相關商品之進口管制框架的執行。這包括制定符合世界貿易組織(WTO)原則的指導方針、建立合規文件評估的標準，並就特定產品、製造商、出口商或國家是否應被列入觀察名單、風險名單或黑名單提出建議，以供內閣批准。

對於在泰國營運的製造商、進口商和跨國公司而言，供應鏈管理已不再僅限於成本、品質和交期。企業應當了解其產品和原材料的來源地、評估其供應鏈內部潛在的人權風險，並維持適當的文件紀錄，以便在需要時證明合規性。

該政策對於出口導向產業尤其重要，包括電子、汽車、食品加工、紡織及其他製造業，因為這些產業的國際客戶日益要求供應商達到更高的環境、社會和治理標準，並履行人權義務。

以下是企業為了保護其業務和供應鏈所需要了解的內容：

(1)      從人力資源問題轉變為邊境管制： 勞工合規已不再僅僅是內部的人力資源事務或買家的審計要求。此正在直接轉移到貿易合規部門。實施細則很可能會透過《商品進出口法》由國際貿易廳來推行，這意味著乾淨的勞工文件紀錄將成為海關清關的先決條件。

(2)      觀察名單與認證： 進口商很快將面臨嚴格的查核層級。政府將建立風險、觀察和黑名單，以標記特定的商品、地區或供應商。供應鏈文件上的漏洞可能會導致嚴重的清關延誤，或在邊境遭到扣留貨物。

(3)      全球接軌： 泰國的新框架正在快速推進，以與國際標準接軌，例如美國的進口禁令。現在，一份單一且健全的盡職調查檔案，便能同時滿足泰國監管機構、美國海關和歐洲買家的要求。

A critical regulatory shift is underway for businesses operating in Thailand. Following a recent U.S. investigation under Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974, which proposed an additional 12.5% tariff on Thai exports due to enforcement gaps, the Thai Cabinet has officially approved the establishment of a Committee on Determining Standards for Imported Goods at Risk of Forced Labour or Services on June 23, 2026. Moreover, the Committee will issue the operative rules through notifications under the Export and Import of Goods Act B.E. 2522 (1979), providing the legal framework for implementing the new import control measures.

Beyond policy development, the Committee is expected to oversee the implementation of Thailand’s import control framework for goods linked to forced labor. This includes formulating guidelines that are consistent with the principles of the World Trade Organization (WTO), establishing standards for the evaluation of compliance documentation, and recommending whether particular products, manufacturers, exporters, or countries should be placed on a Watchlist, Risk List, or Blacklist for Cabinet approval.

For manufacturers, importers, and multinational companies operating in Thailand, supply chain management is no longer limited to cost, quality, and delivery. Businesses should understand where their products and raw materials originate, evaluate potential human rights risks within their supply chains, and maintain appropriate documentation to demonstrate compliance when required.

This policy is particularly relevant for export-oriented industries, including electronics, automotive, food processing, textiles, and other manufacturing sectors, where international customers increasingly expect suppliers to meet higher environmental, social, and governance standards and human rights obligations.

Here is what companies need to know to protect their business and supply chain:

(1)      From HR Issue to Border Control: Labor compliance is no longer just an internal HR matter or buyer audit requirement. It is shifting directly to the trade-compliance desk. Implementing regulations will likely flow through the Department of Foreign Trade under the Export and Import of Goods Act, meaning clean labor documentation will become a prerequisite for customs clearance.

(2)      Watchlists & Certification: Importers will soon face rigorous verification layers. The government will establish Risk, Watch, and Black Lists to flag specific goods, regions, or suppliers. Gaps in supply chain paperwork could lead to severe clearance delays or blocked shipments at the border.

(3)      Global Alignment: Thailand’s new framework is moving fast to align with international standards like the U.S. import bans. A single, robust due diligence file can now satisfy Thai regulators, U.S. customs, and European buyers simultaneously.

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